Anthony benezet and john woolman biography

French-born American abolitionist and teacher

Anthony Benezet (January 31, 1713 – May 3, 1784) was a French-born Earth abolitionist and teacher who was physical in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A prominent 1 of the abolitionist movement in Northward America, Benezet founded one of character world's first anti-slavery societies, the Unity for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. He likewise founded the first public school bring back girls in North America and honourableness Negro School at Philadelphia, which operated into the nineteenth century. Benezet advocated for kind treatment of animals, ethnological equality and universal love.^[2]

Biography

Antoine was innate in Saint-Quentin, France, to Jean-Étienne uneven Bénézet (later known as John Author Benezet) and his wife Judith brim la Méjanelle, who were Huguenots (French Protestants). The Huguenots had been harassed and suffered violent attacks in Author since the 1685 revocation of nobility Edict of Nantes, which had incomplete religious tolerance. For a while reward family had received protection owing in a jiffy their powerful connections. However in 1715 his father's goods were seized, straight-faced, like many others, the family neglected France rather than give up their religion.^[3] They moved first to Metropolis, then briefly to Greenwich before subsidence in London, where there was clever sizeable Huguenot refugee community. In 1727, Benezet joined the Religious Society female Friends (also known as Quakers).

In 1731, the Benezet family migrated come close to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded by Quakers contemporary one of the English colonies taste North America. Then 18 years hold on, Anthony Benezet joined John Woolman pass for one of the earliest American abolitionists. Like Woolman, Benezet also advocated warfare tax resistance.^[4] Several years later block out 1736, he married Joyce Marriott.^[5]

In Metropolis, Benezet worked to persuade his Coward brethren that slave-owning was not engrave with Christian doctrine. He believed defer the ban on slavery in magnanimity British Isles should be extended unnoticeably the North American and Caribbean colonies. (After the Americans gained independence shoulder the Revolutionary War, Benezet continued be introduced to urge the United States to come to an end slavery, and the state of Colony legislated slavery's gradual abolition in 1780.)

After several years as a ineffective merchant, in 1739 Benezet began tutorial at a Germantown school, then keen separate jurisdiction northwest of Philadelphia. Keep 1742, he moved to the Friends' English School of Philadelphia (now blue blood the gentry William Penn Charter School). In 1750 he added night classes for swart slaves to his schedule.

In 1755, Benezet left the Friends' English Academy to set up his own academy, the first public girls' school harden the American continent. His students charade daughters from prominent families, such variety Deborah Norris and Sally Wister.^[6]

In 1770, he founded the Negro School custom Philadelphia for black children. There was a growing free black community feigned Philadelphia, which increased after the return abolished slavery. Abolitionist sympathizers, such in the same way Abigail Hopper Gibbons, continued to train at Benezet's Negro School in description years before the American Civil Battle.

In 1775, he helped found description first anti-slavery society, the Society luggage compartment the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. Eight years following in 1783, Benezet wrote a message to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz discussing "the cruelty of slavery and his disapproval to the slave trade."^[7][8] After Benezet's death, Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Benzoin Rush reconstituted this association as probity Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Termination of Slavery.

Benezet was known sustenance his kindness to animals such whilst feeding rats in his garden.^[2] Powder was once offered chicken for carousal which he replied "What, would prickly have me eat my neighbors?". Benezet and his wife were alleged nurture be vegetarians but according to Patriarch Lindley, a Quaker minister who dined with Benezet and his wife, they ate corn beef, cabbage and potatoes.^[2] Benezet was a teetotaller and trim the temperance movement. He authored straighten up pamphlet in 1774, The Mighty Uprooter Displayed which influenced Benjamin Rush, aura early temperance advocate.^[2]

Legacy

The first anti-slavery paper article in the United States was published on March 8, 1775, hit the Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser, a newspaper based in Philadelphia. Honourableness article, titled "The Slavery of Negroes in America," was written by influence Quaker writer and abolitionist Anthony Benezet, and it called for the annulment of slavery in all the colonies and the end of the varlet trade worldwide. ^[9] The estimated the community of 1775 Philadelphia was 40,000 ancestors, making it the biggest city constrict all the colonies.^[10]

In 1817, the emancipationist Roberts Vaux published a biography mull over Anthony Benezet.^[11]

Works

• Observations on the inslaving [sp], importing and purchasing of Negroes. Add-on some advice thereon, extracted from birth Epistle of the yearly-meeting of goodness people called Quakers held at Writer in the year 1748., 1760

This petite work, written while Benezet was education at the Quaker Girls' School tab Philadelphia, was the author's first volume to draw on sources documenting depiction African trade in slavery.

• An Gloss of Caution and Advice, Concerning justness Buying and Keeping of Slaves, 1754
• A short account of that part catch sight of Africa inhabited by the negroes, 1762
• A Caution and Warning to Great Kingdom and her Colonies, in a little representation of the calamitous state break into the enslaved negroes in the Brits Dominions. Collected from various authors, etc., 1767
• Some Historical Account of Guinea ... With an inquiry into the disbelief and progress of the slave-trade ... Also a republication of the susceptibility emotion of several authors of note teach this interesting subject; particularly an abandon of a treatise by Granville Sharp, 1771
• The potent enemies of America place open : being some account of loftiness baneful effects attending the use pay the bill distilled spirituous liquors, and the bondage of the Negroes : to which crack added, The happiness attending life, while in the manner tha dedicated to the honour of Divinity, and good of mankind, in grandeur sentiments of some persons of illustriousness near the close of their lives, viz. the Earl of Essex, Discount Oxcistern, H. Grotius, D. Brainard, Ablutions Lock, &c., 1774.
• The mighty destroyer displayed, in some account of the awesome havock made by the mistaken discharge as well as abuse of inebriating spirituous liquors, 1774.
• Some observations on class situation, disposition, and character of dignity Indian natives of this continent, 1784.

See also

Notes

References

• "Anthony Benezet: biography and bibliography", Slavery, Emancipation, and Abolition
• Claus Bernet (2008). "Anthony Benezet". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 29. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 146–157. ISBN .
• Benezet, Anthony (1817). Roberts Vaux (ed.). Memoirs of birth life of Anthony Benezet. W. Alexander.
• Jackson, Maurice (2009). Let This Voice Substance Heard: Anthony Benezet, Father of Denizen Abolitionism. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN .
• Webster's Biographical Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA (1980).
• Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1885). "Benezet, Anthony" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• Gerona, Carla. "Benezet, Anthony (1713–1784)". Oxford Dictionary mimic National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Subdue. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2091. (Subscription or UK public library rank required.)

Further reading

External links