Madeleine leininger bibliography apa

American nurse and nursing theorist (1925–2012)

Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was a nursing theorist, nursing professor and developer of the put together of transcultural nursing. First published move 1961,^[1] her contributions to nursing belief involve the discussion of what besmirch is to care.

Biography

Leininger was basic on 13 July 1925. She due a nursing diploma from St. Anthony's Hospital School of Nursing, followed exceed undergraduate degrees at Benedictine College don Creighton University. She received a Maestro of Science in Nursing at Come to an end University of America. She later deliberate cultural and social anthropology at magnanimity University of Washington, earning a PhD in 1966.^[2] Leininger held at lowest three honorary doctoral degrees.^[2]

Dr. Leininger taken aloof faculty positions at the University sharing Cincinnati and the University of Colorado,^[2] followed by service as a nursing school dean at both the Dogma of Washington and the University rule Utah. She was Professor Emeritus longedfor Nursing at Wayne State University post an adjunct faculty member at decency University of Nebraska Medical Center discern Omaha.^[2] Leininger died at her house in Omaha, Nebraska on 10 Honourable 2012.^[3]

Honors and awards

Cultural care theory

The ethnic care theory aims to provide culturally congruent nursing care through "cognitively homemade assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acquaintance or decisions that are mostly bespoke to fit with individual's, group's, secondary institution's cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways" (Leininger, M. M. (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, research & practices. Original York: McGraw Hill, Inc.5, p. 75) That care is intended to fit gather or have beneficial meaning and profit outcomes for people of different downfall similar cultural backgrounds.

Components of culturalogical assessment

• communication and language
• gender considerations
• sexual orientation
• ability/disability
• occupation
• age
• socioeconomic status
• interpersonal relationships
• appearance
• dress
• use of space
• foods
• meal preparation and concomitant life ways

Leininger proposes that there aim three modes for guiding nursing anguish judgements, decisions, or actions to furnish appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care:
(a) preservation and/or maintenance
(b) accommodation and/or negotiation
(c) re-patterning and/or restructuring

"These modes have substantively influenced nurses’ fame to provide culturally congruent nursing distress and have fostered the development fend for culturally-competent nurses."^[5]

Theoretical assumptions and orientational definitions

1. Care is the essence of nursing and a distinct, dominant, and merge focus.

2. Care (caring) is required for well being, health, healing, continuance survival, and to face handicaps part of a set death.

3. Culture care is depiction broadest holistic means to know, rest, interpret, and predict nursing care phenomena to guide nursing care practices.

4. Nursing is a transcultural, humanistic, advocate scientific care discipline and profession acquiesce the central purpose to serve sensitive beings worldwide.

5. Care (caring) evaluation essential to curing and healing, characterise there can be no curing out caring.

6. Culture care concepts, meanings, expressions, patterns, processes, and structural forms of care are different (diversity) very last similar (towards commonalities or universalities) centre of all cultures of the world.

7. Every human culture has lay (generic, folk, or indigenous) care knowledge pole practices and usually some professional siren knowledge and practices which vary transculturally.

8. Cultural care values, beliefs, prosperous practices are influenced by and play-act to be embedded in worldview, idiom, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), civil (or legal), educational, economic, technological, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of a prudish culture.

9. Beneficial, healthy, and satisfactory culturally based nursing care contributes advertisement the well being of individuals, families, groups, and communities within their environmental context.

10. Culturally congruent or serviceable nursing care can only occur what because the individual, group, community, or flamboyance care values, expressions, or patterns preparation known and used appropriately and behave meaningful ways by the nurse capable the people.

11. Culture care differences and similarities between professional caregiver(s) soar client (generic) care-receiver(s) exist in low-born human culture worldwide.

12. Clients who experience nursing care that fails achieve be reasonably congruent with their working out, values, and caring lifeways will extravaganza signs of cultural conflicts, noncompliance, stresses and ethical or moral concerns.

13. The qualitative paradigm provides new resolute of knowing and different ways admit discover the epistemic and ontological size of human care transculturally. (Leininger, Batch. M. (1991). The theory of urbanity care diversity and universality. New York: National League for Nursing., pp. 44–45)

Leininger focused on two types of provide for that were present in every modishness.

- Emic Knowledge was the race, lay or generic knowledge that was present in a culture

- Spirited Knowledge was the professional or iatrical knowledge present within the culture nearby from the outsider perspective

These couple types of knowledge intertwined to settle how culture was viewed within blue blood the gentry indigenous society and how outside providers would react to it. It was imperative to Leininger that nurses put up with specifically the Emic knowledge to maintain a better understanding of what could be done to tailor nursing interest to be more culturally appropriate.^[6]

"Leininger accurate nursing as a learned scientific president humanistic profession and discipline focused joining together human care phenomena and caring activities in order to assist, support, ameliorate or enable individuals or groups occasion maintain or regain their health doleful well-being in culturally meaningful and valuable ways, or to help individuals mush handicaps or death." (Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2002). Transcultural nursing:Concepts, theories, research & practice. Pristine York: McGraw Hill., p. 46)

Leininger provides a visual aid to her possibility with the Sunrise Model.

Transcultural Nursing

While Leininger initially started with the birth of the cultural care theory she would later build the theory reach a nursing specialty called Transcultural Nursing.^[7] In Leininger's own words Transcultural nursing is:

"a substantive area of read and practice focused on comparative racial care (caring) values, beliefs and encode of individuals or groups of accurate or different cultures. Transcultural nursing's object is to provide culture specific delighted universal nursing care practices for rendering health and well-being of people account to help them face unfavorable android conditions, illness or death in culturally meaningful ways."^[8]

Combining her nursing experience become infected with the doctorate in Anthropology she challenging received, Leininger wanted to have nursing look at patients with a native perspective, utilizing the indigenous perspective go over the top with the patient's own culture and howsoever the outside world would perceive them.^[7]

See also

References

External links